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Paramārtha (translator)

Paramārtha परमार्थ 真諦 Zhēndì (499-569 CE) was an Indian monk from Ujjain in central India, considered one of the greatest translators of sutras into Chinese, along with Kumārajīva and Xuanzang.

According to Keng Ching and Michael Radich, the following key texts are agreed upon by all catalogs (with minor differences in dating, etc.) as being translations of Paramārtha (and/or his team of translators):

  • *Arthavistara-sūtra 廣義法門經, T. 97
  • Suvarṇabhāsottama Sūtra (Golden Light Sutra) Jin guangming jing (光明經  
  • *Anuttarāśraya-sūtra? 無上依經, T. 669
  • Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra (partial) 解節經, T. 677
  • Lü ershi’er mingliao lun 律二十二明了論, T. 1461
  • 佛阿毘曇經出家 相品, T. 1482
  • Abhidharmakośabhāṣya 阿毘達磨俱舍釋論, T. 1559
  • 大乘唯識論, Viṃśikā, T. 1589
  • Mahāyānasaṃgraha 攝大乘論, T. 1593
  • Mahāyānasaṃgrahabhāṣya of Vasubandhu 攝大乘論釋, T. 1595
  • Madhyānta-vibhāga 中邊分別論, , T. 1599
  • Foxing lun (佛性論, T. 1610), The "Treatise on Buddha Nature", traditionally attributed to Vasubandhu, but this is questioned by modern scholars.
  • San wuxing lun 三無性論, T. 1617
  • 如實論反質難品, T. 1633.
  • 隨相論解十六諦義, T. 1641.
  • *Lokasthānābhidharma śāstra 立世阿毘曇論, , T. 1644
  • 四諦論, T. 1647
  • Ratnāvalī of Nagarjuna 寶行王正論, T. 1656
  • Biography of the Dharma Master Vasubandhu 婆藪槃豆法師傳, T. 2049.
  • Regarding the famous Mahayana Awakening of Faith 大乘起信論, (T. 1666), it is cited as "dubious" in one of the Chinese catalogs, hence the current scholarly debate as to its provenance.

Suggested Reading

The_work_of_Paramartha_An_example_of_Sin.pdf694.0KB